What enables the delta buffer technique to speed up both reads and inserts in SAP HANA?

The delta buffer technique in SAP HANA is designed to enhance the performance of data reads and inserts by leveraging the unique characteristics of both row-based and column-based storage. This approach facilitates efficient data handling where inserts are performed quickly due to the delta buffer being a highly optimized, in-memory structure that captures the latest changes.

With row-based tables, each row is stored together, which allows for quick access to complete records and is beneficial for high-frequency insert operations. On the other hand, column-based tables excel in read operations since they only retrieve the necessary columns, leading to reduced I/O and increased speed for analytical queries.

By utilizing both types of tables, SAP HANA can optimize various workloads—transactional processing benefits from the row-based structure for rapid inserts, while analytical processing gains from the efficient column-based structure. This combination maximizes performance and minimizes latency for both reads and writes, making the delta buffer technique highly effective in a hybrid model where different data storage types are used strategically. This adaptability and optimization are key reasons why the correct response highlights the usage of both row-based and column-based tables.